The controversy surrounding Chhaava, the upcoming film based on the life of Sambhaji Maharaj, has intensified as debates over its portrayal of history, politics, and identity gain momentum. While the film celebrates the bravery and sacrifice of Sambhaji, who refused to bow to Aurangzeb, it has also been drawn into political discourse, with right-wing factions using it to push divisive narratives.
In Maharashtra, however, the debate goes beyond religion, touching upon caste dynamics, historical interpretations, and the evolving identity of the state. Sambhaji’s legacy has long been a subject of conflicting historical accounts. The film is adapted from Shivaji Sawant’s 1979 Marathi novel “Chhaava”, which presented a more sympathetic and heroic portrayal of the Maratha ruler, contrasting with earlier depictions influenced by Malhar Ram Rao Chitnis’ Bakhar. Written in the early 19th century, Chitnis’ account—commissioned under Shahu II—described Sambhaji as an incompetent and indulgent ruler, a version that many historians, including Jadunath Sarkar, later disputed.
This shifting historical narrative has shaped Marathi literature, theater, and popular perception of Sambhaji over the decades. While Chhaava aims to restore his image as a valiant warrior and strategist, its reception highlights the ongoing struggle over how history is interpreted and presented in contemporary India. As the release date approaches, the film is set to remain at the center of public discourse, reflecting the deep-seated emotions and ideologies tied to Maharashtra’s past.
