Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to rise at an alarming rate, with a 50% surge in cardiac medication sales in India over the past five years and increasing reports of young individuals dying from heart attacks. Globally, CVD remains the leading cause of death—but early detection and intervention can dramatically reduce risk. Dr. Jeremy London, a board-certified cardiovascular surgeon in the U.S. with over 25 years of clinical experience, emphasizes the importance of proactive screening. He recommends three key lab tests to assess cardiovascular risk: 1. LDL-C (Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol) Often referred to as “bad cholesterol,” LDL-C is a standard part of most lipid panels and a well-known risk factor for heart disease. Elevated LDL-C contributes to plaque buildup in arteries, potentially leading to heart attacks and strokes. Fortunately, lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise can help lower LDL-C levels. 2. ApoB (Apolipoprotein B) ApoB provides a more precise assessment of cardiovascular risk than LDL-C alone by measuring the number of atherogenic particles in the blood. It’s a protein found on lipoproteins that promote plaque formation in blood vessels. Even if LDL-C levels appear normal, high ApoB can signal hidden risk—making it a valuable tool for early detection. 3. Lp(a) (Lipoprotein-a) Unlike LDL-C and ApoB, Lp(a) is genetically determined and not significantly affected by lifestyle. Elevated Lp(a) levels are associated with a heightened risk of heart attacks and strokes, as it contributes to both plaque formation and increased clotting. While lifestyle changes may not lower Lp(a), Dr. London recommends managing other risk factors and exploring emerging medications currently under clinical trials that specifically target this lipoprotein. “Unfortunately, lifestyle modification does not lower Lp(a). So what do you do? You control what you can control—lower your LDL-C and ApoB to reduce overall cardiovascular risk,” explains Dr. London. When Should You Get Tested? If you have a family history of heart disease or experience symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, or chest discomfort, it’s important to consult a physician. In addition to the three lab tests, tools like an electrocardiogram (ECG) or coronary calcium scan can offer a more detailed assessment of heart health. Prevention is Better Than Cure Actor Aasif Khan, recently in the news after surviving a heart attack, echoed a powerful message about recovery and awareness. His case, like many others, highlights the urgent need for regular screenings and lifestyle vigilance. To maintain heart health: By staying informed and proactive, you can take significant steps to reduce your cardiovascular risk and safeguard your future.
