IISc Study Warns of Rising Human Risk from H5N1 Bird Flu Clade

Three decades after H5N1 influenza was first detected in birds, scientists say a dangerous branch of the virus is edging closer to becoming a serious human health threat. Researchers at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, have found that the currently circulating 2.3.4.4b clade is accumulating key genetic mutations that may increase its ability to infect people. “This clade has infected many mammalian species and is adapting to non-human mammals, which is a concern for human adaptation… It is panzootic, causing unprecedented mortality in birds and mammals, along with several sporadic human infections,” said Kesavardhana Sannula, assistant professor at IISc’s Department of Biochemistry, who led the study. H5N1’s H5 haemagglutinin enables cell entry, while N1 neuraminidase aids viral spread. When the virus jumps to a new host, mutations can help it adapt and sometimes thrive in the new environment. The IISc team analysed nearly 43,000 protein sequences — 7,000 from birds, 820 from non-human mammals, and 35,000 from human flu strains H1N1 and H3N2 — to identify amino acids under selection pressure. Mutations were classified as adaptive (helping cross into humans) or barrier (hindering spread). The study also ranked potential animal hosts by risk level. Surprisingly, fox-adapted strains appeared more dangerous than cattle-adapted ones. “This clade is acquiring the same key mutations that pandemic human influenza strains possess, which could be a growing risk,” said Ranjana Nataraj, the paper’s first author. The researchers stress the need for targeted surveillance, particularly in mammals that could act as “stepping-stone hosts” for human adaptation.

New Study Identifies Key Antibodies for Broad Dengue Immunity

Scientists from the US and Philippines have discovered that specific antibodies, known as envelope dimer epitope (EDE)-like antibodies, play a crucial role in building broad, cross-serotype protection against dengue virus (DENV). Published in Science Translational Medicine, the findings could guide the development of more effective dengue vaccines and therapies. Dengue, caused by four DENV serotypes, is the world’s most common vector-borne viral disease, placing half the global population at risk. Developing a universal vaccine has been challenging due to a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), where immunity from a first infection can worsen illness during a second infection with a different serotype. This risk also affects vaccination strategies, making current vaccines — Dengvaxia and QDENGA — most suitable for individuals with prior exposure. True long-term protection typically develops after exposure to at least two different serotypes. By pinpointing EDE-like antibodies as a driver of such broad immunity, researchers hope to design vaccines that mimic this natural protective response without triggering ADE.

Hyderabad Sees Spike in Viral Infections Amid Steady Monsoon

Preliminary health data from the first 10 days of August reveals a sharp rise in viral infections, particularly Influenza-like Illness (ILI), across Hyderabad’s urban and peri-urban settlements. The data, compiled by the Helping Hand Foundation (HHF) from 12,575 patient visits to its 12 Primary Health Centres, shows that infectious diseases made up half of all consultations (6,323 cases). Of these, 70% were viral illnesses resembling seasonal flu, while bacterial infections accounted for 19%, fungal infections 7%, parasitic infections 1%, and other infections 2%. The HHF centres serve over 100 urban slum clusters in areas including Tolichowki, Rajendranagar, Kishan Bagh, Hasan Nagar, Kala Pather, Pahadi Shareef, Jalpally, Shaheen Nagar, and Errakunta. Apart from infectious diseases, many patients reported body pain, headaches, gastrointestinal issues, fever with chills, and skin rashes — with headaches and body pain alone making up 36% of these non-infectious complaints. “Most cases resolve within a week, but the severity of fever and pain is prompting people to seek hospital care, sometimes visiting multiple clinics despite the illness being self-limiting,”— Dr Usaid Ahmed, CMO, HHF Shaheen Nagar Health Centre Dengue fears have also been high — over 3,000 dengue tests were conducted last week, though most came back negative. Typical influenza cases involved high-grade fevers (102°F or higher, often worse at night), severe body aches, headaches, nausea, and occasional cough or cold. HHF conducts annual fever surveillance during the monsoon to track trends and initiate preventive measures.

Common Non-Antibiotic Drugs Found to Disrupt Gut Microbiome, Raise Infection Risk

Antibiotics are well known for their impact on the gut microbiome, but new research from Yale University shows that some non-antibiotic prescription drugs can also alter gut bacteria and increase the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) infections. The study, published in Nature, identified several widely used medications that disrupt the balance of gut microbes. In at least one case, the disruption triggered mice to produce antimicrobial agents that attacked their own gut bacteria. This suggests that the microbiome may help explain why some patients respond well to certain drugs while others do not—and could be a future target for improving drug efficacy. A weakened microbiome reduces “colonisation resistance,” making it harder for beneficial gut microbes to defend against harmful pathogens. To investigate this link, researchers examined over a decade of medical records and pharmacy claims from one million anonymized individuals under universal health insurance in Montreal, Canada. They found that some prescription drugs increased infection risk to the same extent as antibiotics. From this analysis, 21 drugs were selected for further study in mice. Faecal samples taken before and after treatment revealed that about half of these drugs altered the microbiome’s composition. Four in particular—heart medication digoxin, anti-seizure/anti-anxiety drug clonazepam, stomach acid reducer pantoprazole, and antipsychotic quetiapine—were linked to a significantly higher infection risk after pathogen exposure. According to lead author Andrew Goodman, Professor of Microbial Pathogenesis at Yale School of Medicine, the findings highlight the need to consider microbiome health when prescribing not just antibiotics, but a broad range of common medications.

Indian Researchers Uncover Promising microRNA-Based Therapeutic for Alzheimer’s Disease

In a significant breakthrough, researchers at the Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR) have identified a novel microRNA-based therapeutic pathway that could revolutionize the diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)—a neurodegenerative condition affecting over 57.4 million people globally. The findings build on the importance of microRNAs (miRNAs) — regulatory RNA molecules whose discovery earned the 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. 🧠 What the Study Found 💊 Novel Therapeutic Development “Our study offers valuable insight into Alzheimer’s disease by uncovering the regulatory role of miR-7a in controlling neuroinflammation and ferroptosis via Klf4 targeting,” said Prof. Govindaraju. 🔬 Clinical Implications 📖 Published Study The full research has been published in the journal NAR Molecular Medicine.

WHO Urges Urgent Research and Innovation Push to End TB in South-East Asia

The World Health Organization (WHO) on Tuesday emphasized the urgent need to scale up research, innovation, and collaboration in the fight against tuberculosis (TB) across South-East Asia—a region bearing nearly half of the global TB burden. A Region Under Strain According to the WHO, nearly 5 million people in the South-East Asia region developed TB in 2023, and close to 600,000 died from the disease, reaffirming TB’s status as the world’s leading killer from a single infectious agent—particularly post-COVID-19. “In our region alone, nearly 5 million people developed TB and close to 600,000 died from the disease in 2023,” said Dr. Catharina Boehme, Officer-in-Charge for WHO South-East Asia. She called for urgent, collective action to achieve the End TB Strategy targets, which aim for a 90% reduction in TB deaths and 80% drop in new cases by 2030 (compared to 2015 levels). Progress Is Real—But Not Enough While there has been a significant recovery in TB case notifications since the COVID-19 setback, progress remains insufficient. The region saw a drop in missed TB cases to 22% in 2023—a major improvement from 44% in 2020. Additionally, the treatment success rate reached 89% for patients who began therapy in 2022. The WHO praised several innovative tools being used in the region: Despite these gains, TB continues to disproportionately impact the poorest and most vulnerable, with 30% to 80% of TB-affected households in the region facing catastrophic costs—highlighting the need for people-centred care and stronger social protection mechanisms. Innovation and Research Landscape The virtual three-day workshop, organized by WHO, brought together TB programme managers, researchers, civil society members, and health partners to address ongoing challenges. Dr. Boehme warned that progress remains uneven, with research and innovation capacities varying across countries. She added, “The results of these efforts are often siloed and unavailable for collaborative use. The rise in drug-resistant TB is also very concerning.” However, many country-level innovations are worth noting: WHO noted that more than 3,000 TB-related research articles have been published by South-East Asia member states in the last six years—60% of which are original studies. However, limited knowledge exchange platforms and uneven uptake of research remain key barriers. The Road Ahead To meet global TB eradication targets, WHO calls on all stakeholders to: “The momentum is there, but we must ensure no one is left behind,” said Dr. Boehme, stressing the urgent need to turn knowledge and innovation into scalable, actionable solutions.

England Becomes First Country to Launch Free Gonorrhoea Vaccination Program

In a global first, England’s National Health Service (NHS) has launched a free nationwide gonorrhoea vaccination programme, beginning August 4, to combat soaring STI cases and tackle growing antibiotic resistance. The vaccine rollout, targeting those most at risk, is being hailed as a public health milestone amid record-breaking infection rates. In 2023, gonorrhoea cases in England hit 85,000—the highest since tracking began in 1918 and nearly triple the number reported in 2012. 🔬 What’s the Vaccine? The jab is based on 4CMenB, a vaccine originally designed to protect against meningococcal B disease. While not specifically made for gonorrhoea, studies show it offers 32.7–42% protection against the infection—enough to significantly reduce transmission, reinfection, and complications. 🎯 Who Is Eligible? The vaccine will be offered through sexual health clinics to: 🗣️ What Officials Are Saying Ashley Dalton, Minister for Public Health and Prevention: “This world-first vaccination programme will help turn the tide on infections… I strongly encourage anyone who is eligible to come forward for vaccination.” Dr. Sema Mandal, UK Health Security Agency: “The vaccine will give much needed protection to those that need it most – making the UK a world leader in the fight against gonorrhoea.” 💉 Offered Alongside Other STI Vaccines Eligible individuals at sexual health clinics will now be able to receive the gonorrhoea jab along with: 💷 Health and Economic Impact ⚠️ Why It Matters Gonorrhoea is not just an inconvenience—it can cause: And it’s becoming harder to treat as the bacteria evolves resistance to antibiotics. Bottom line: England is setting a global precedent by using vaccines to fight the rise of a major STI. Experts and health leaders are calling on eligible individuals to come forward and get protected—not just for themselves, but for the wider community.

WHO Urges Urgent Research and Innovation Push to End TB in South-East Asia

The World Health Organization (WHO) on Tuesday emphasized the urgent need to scale up research, innovation, and collaboration in the fight against tuberculosis (TB) across South-East Asia—a region bearing nearly half of the global TB burden. A Region Under Strain According to the WHO, nearly 5 million people in the South-East Asia region developed TB in 2023, and close to 600,000 died from the disease, reaffirming TB’s status as the world’s leading killer from a single infectious agent—particularly post-COVID-19. “In our region alone, nearly 5 million people developed TB and close to 600,000 died from the disease in 2023,” said Dr. Catharina Boehme, Officer-in-Charge for WHO South-East Asia. She called for urgent, collective action to achieve the End TB Strategy targets, which aim for a 90% reduction in TB deaths and 80% drop in new cases by 2030 (compared to 2015 levels). Progress Is Real—But Not Enough While there has been a significant recovery in TB case notifications since the COVID-19 setback, progress remains insufficient. The region saw a drop in missed TB cases to 22% in 2023—a major improvement from 44% in 2020. Additionally, the treatment success rate reached 89% for patients who began therapy in 2022. The WHO praised several innovative tools being used in the region: Despite these gains, TB continues to disproportionately impact the poorest and most vulnerable, with 30% to 80% of TB-affected households in the region facing catastrophic costs—highlighting the need for people-centred care and stronger social protection mechanisms. Innovation and Research Landscape The virtual three-day workshop, organized by WHO, brought together TB programme managers, researchers, civil society members, and health partners to address ongoing challenges. Dr. Boehme warned that progress remains uneven, with research and innovation capacities varying across countries. She added, “The results of these efforts are often siloed and unavailable for collaborative use. The rise in drug-resistant TB is also very concerning.” However, many country-level innovations are worth noting: WHO noted that more than 3,000 TB-related research articles have been published by South-East Asia member states in the last six years—60% of which are original studies. However, limited knowledge exchange platforms and uneven uptake of research remain key barriers. The Road Ahead To meet global TB eradication targets, WHO calls on all stakeholders to: “The momentum is there, but we must ensure no one is left behind,” said Dr. Boehme, stressing the urgent need to turn knowledge and innovation into scalable, actionable solutions.

भोपाल में मच्छर जनित रोग नियंत्रण को लेकर विभागों में समन्वय की कमी, आधे से ज्यादा संवेदनशील इलाके BMC की कार्रवाई से बाहर

भोपाल में मलेरिया और डेंगू जैसे मच्छर जनित रोगों को लेकर स्वास्थ्य विभाग और नगर निगम (BMC) के बीच समन्वय की स्पष्ट कमी देखने को मिल रही है। हाल ही में जिला मलेरिया कार्यालय (DMO) द्वारा चिन्हित किए गए 21 संवेदनशील क्षेत्रों में से महज 9 इलाकों में ही BMC द्वारा वेक्टर कंट्रोल और जुर्माने की कार्रवाई की गई है। DMO द्वारा जारी सूची में झुग्गी बस्तियों, रिहायशी कॉलोनियों और जोखिम वाले इलाकों को शामिल किया गया है जहां तत्काल कार्रवाई की आवश्यकता बताई गई थी। लेकिन विश्लेषण से पता चलता है कि BMC की फील्ड रिपोर्ट में इनमें से केवल 9 क्षेत्रों में ही मच्छर नियंत्रण की कोई कार्रवाई दर्ज है। गौरतलब है कि BMC का जिम्मा बाहरी इलाकों में वेक्टर नियंत्रण का है, जबकि स्वास्थ्य विभाग घर-घर सर्वे और इनडोर कंट्रोल पर केंद्रित रहता है। दोनों विभागों के सूचीबद्ध इलाकों की तुलना करने पर पाया गया कि 12 संवेदनशील इलाकों में कोई भी समन्वित प्रयास नहीं हुआ, जबकि इन स्थानों पर स्वास्थ्य विभाग ने मच्छरजनित रोग के केस दर्ज किए हैं। इन छूटे हुए इलाकों में संजय नगर, कोहे-फ़िज़ा, प्रेमपुरा, कुम्हारपुरा, छतईपुरा, शबरी/नेहरू नगर, शंकराचार्य नगर, गल्ला मंडी, रोशन बाग, पुराना नगर (झुग्गी क्षेत्र) और कुछ ग्रामीण इलाके शामिल हैं, जिनमें से कई BMC की सीमा में भी नहीं आते हैं। जानकारी के अनुसार, भोपाल महापौर मालती राय ने वेक्टर नियंत्रण को लेकर कम से कम दो समन्वय बैठकें बुलाई थीं, जिनमें स्वास्थ्य विभाग के अधिकारी भी शामिल हुए थे। इन बैठकों में विशेष रूप से संवेदनशील इलाकों में एजेंसी समन्वय पर जोर दिया गया था। राजीव नगर, गांधी नगर और अयोध्या नगर जैसे कुछ इलाकों में दोनों विभागों की संयुक्त उपस्थिति दर्ज की गई है, लेकिन अधिकांश इलाके अभी भी उपेक्षित हैं। BMC के स्वास्थ्य विभाग के वरिष्ठ अधिकारी इस मुद्दे पर जवाब देने से बचते नजर आए हैं। विशेषज्ञों का कहना है कि विभागीय असमंजस और ढीली निगरानी शहर में डेंगू-मलेरिया के बढ़ते खतरे को और गंभीर बना सकते हैं।

भोपाल: स्कूल-कॉलेजों के पास तंबाकू बिक्री पर सख्ती, पुलिस कमिश्नर ने दिए निर्देश

हालांकि ‘नशे से दूरी है ज़रूरी’ अभियान समाप्त हो चुका है, लेकिन भोपाल पुलिस कमिश्नर हरिनारायणाचारी मिश्रा ने शहर के सभी थाना प्रभारियों को निर्देश दिए हैं कि वे स्कूल और कॉलेज परिसरों के आसपास सिगरेट, गुटखा, तंबाकू उत्पाद और अन्य नशीले पदार्थों की बिक्री को रोकने के लिए सख्त कार्रवाई करें। यह निर्देश तब आया है जब यह देखा गया कि शैक्षणिक संस्थानों के पास तंबाकू उत्पादों की आसान उपलब्धता बनी हुई है, जबकि COTPA अधिनियम 2003 के तहत किसी भी शिक्षण संस्थान के 100 गज के दायरे में तंबाकू उत्पादों की बिक्री पर स्पष्ट रूप से प्रतिबंध है। कमिश्नर के निर्देश के बाद, पुलिस टीमें सक्रिय हो गई हैं। वे स्कूल-कॉलेजों के पास मौजूद दुकानों और खोमचों की पहचान कर औचक निरीक्षण कर रही हैं। प्रतिबंधित वस्तुएं बेचने वाले दुकानदारों पर जुर्माना, माल जब्ती और जरूरत पड़ने पर कानूनी कार्रवाई की जा रही है। एक पुलिस अधिकारी ने कहा, “जो भी दुकानदार नाबालिगों को या स्कूल के पास गुटखा या सिगरेट बेचते पाए जाएंगे, उन्हें किसी भी सूरत में बख्शा नहीं जाएगा। हम स्कूल प्रबंधन के साथ मिलकर निगरानी भी कर रहे हैं।” गौरतलब है कि हाल के दिनों में छात्रों के बीच तंबाकू सेवन में चिंताजनक वृद्धि देखी गई है। शहर के पार्कों, डैम के किनारे और सुनसान स्थानों पर छात्र-छात्राएं सिगरेट पीते हुए देखे जा रहे हैं। पुलिस का कहना है कि भोपाल में किसी भी स्कूल या कॉलेज कैंपस के आसपास तंबाकू उत्पादों की बिक्री किसी कीमत पर नहीं होने दी जाएगी। इसके साथ ही पुलिस विभाग ने जागरूकता अभियान शुरू किया है और शिक्षा व स्वास्थ्य विभागों के साथ समन्वय बनाकर काम किया जा रहा है।

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